Patient-derived xenografts
A patient-derived xenograft is a patient's tumour grown in a mouse, used to test drugs before they reach people.
PDX models retain histology and genomics better than cell lines. Used for ADC and combination testing (Champions Oncology, Crown Bioscience, Jackson Laboratory). Humanised-mouse PDX enables immunotherapy testing.
Schematic · not to scale
Patient tumour graft · Immunodeficient mouse
How it works
Fresh tumour implanted into immunodeficient mice and passaged.
Strengths
- In vivo pharmacology
- Bystander and stromal effects observable
Limitations
- Mouse stroma replaces human
- Months to establish; cost
Latest papers
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Query for this technology: (TITLE:"patient-derived xenograft" OR ABSTRACT:"patient-derived xenograft" OR TITLE:"PDX model" OR ABSTRACT:"PDX model"). Results are unfiltered search hits about Patient-derived xenografts, not a curated reading list.
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2institutions
8Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre / CRUK Scotland InstituteCancer Research UK Manchester InstituteCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO)David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MITIstituto di Candiolo IRCCS – FPORosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill UniversitySahlgrenska University Hospital / Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer ResearchThe Jackson Laboratory Cancer Center
terms
4ideas
28A funded organoid and PDX panel as the go/no-go gate before IND-enabling moneyA pre-competitive consortium to validate or kill academic targets before licensingA ring-fenced metastasis programme with metastasis-specific endpointsA synthetic lethality map for every cancer driver in every tissue contextA universal material transfer agreement with a thirty-day defaultAn independent replication institute that re-tests key preclinical cancer findings before trialsAn open model bank for the rare tumours nobody has models forAn open organoid bank for cancers too rare to have modelsAudit animal studies for randomisation and blinding, published by institutionBarcode patient-derived tumours to watch which clones win under each drugBuild laboratory models of the organs cancer spreads toDegraders for the fusion proteins that drive childhood sarcomasGrow blood-borne tumour cells to test drugs on the cells that actually spreadGrow models from tumour cells in the blood when a biopsy is impossibleHumanised mice with an immune system matched to the tumour donorMake bespoke mouse cancer models in weeks with in vivo gene editingMake in vivo metastasis screens a required step in drug discoveryMulti-centre randomised animal trials before committing to a human trialMulti-laboratory preclinical trials as the standard for go/no-go decisionsPick the laboratory model that matches the patient, not the one to handPre-specified sample sizes for animal studies; no more 'representative' experimentsRun the mouse or organoid trial at the same time as the human trialScore every model system on how well it predicted real trial resultsScore every preclinical model by how often it predicted the clinical resultSet aside 3% of grant budgets to replicate findings before translationShared reference organoid and PDX panels that every lab can test againstTest drugs on the patient's own cancer cells when there is no trial to joinZebrafish avatars for a drug answer within a week