Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
A protein made by fetal liver that many liver cancers switch back on; measured in blood for screening, prognosis and to select patients for ramucirumab.
Elevated in ~50-60% of HCC; AFP ≥400 ng/mL marks aggressive biology and is the eligibility criterion for ramucirumab (REACH-2). Also a transplant selection variable (AFP model) and part of the GALAD score. Not specific: rises in hepatitis flares and germ-cell tumours.
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