Radical cystectomy
Removing the bladder (and nearby organs) for bladder cancer that has grown into the muscle wall; urine is then diverted through a stoma or a new bladder made of bowel.
The standard for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), preceded by cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy or, since NIAGARA, chemo-immunotherapy. Reconstruction uses an ileal conduit (external bag) or an orthotopic neobladder. It is a major operation with 60% complication rates and a permanent change to daily life, so bladder-sparing trimodality therapy (TURBT plus chemoradiation) and, for patients with complete response to enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab, bladder preservation trials are active alternatives.
Pages like this
not linked directly; found by shared links- TermCarcinoma in situ (CIS)
Shares Intravesical therapy (BCG and bladder instillations), Bladder & urothelial cancer.
- TermNon-muscle-invasive vs muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC / MIBC)
Shares NIAGARA, Bladder & urothelial cancer.
- TrialIMvigor011
Shares Muscle-invasive (MIBC) vs non-muscle-invasive (NMIBC) bladder cancer, Bladder & urothelial cancer.
- TermChemoradiation (chemoradiotherapy, CRT)
Shares Organ preservation (watch-and-wait, bladder-sparing, larynx preservation), Bladder & urothelial cancer.