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ESR1 mutation

A change in the oestrogen receptor gene that lets the cancer grow without oestrogen, so aromatase inhibitors stop working. Found in the blood in about a third of patients after hormone therapy.

Ligand-binding-domain mutations (Y537S, D538G, E380Q and others) arise under aromatase-inhibitor pressure in 30-40% of endocrine-resistant tumours and are rare at diagnosis (<5%). Detected by ctDNA (Guardant360 CDx is the companion diagnostic). Predicts resistance to AIs but retained sensitivity to SERDs, oral SERDs, and PROTAC degraders; the basis for elacestrant, imlunestrant, vepdegestrant, and camizestrant labels.

Biomarkers: what this kind of term is about · animated schematic, not to scale
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Biomarkers

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