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Enformer and Borzoi (DeepMind, Calico)

Models that predict how DNA sequence controls gene activity, used to interpret non-coding cancer mutations.

Enformer (Nature Methods 2021) predicts expression from 200 kb of sequence; Borzoi (Nature Genetics 2025) predicts RNA-seq coverage and splicing across 500 kb.

Generic schematic · not to scale · placeholder for the ai computation front
Flagged finding · Neural network

How it works

Enformer and Borzoi combine convolution with a transformer over long DNA windows.

Strengths
  • Regulatory variant interpretation
Limitations
  • Cell-type coverage bounded by training assays
Since
2021

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Query for this technology: (TITLE:"Enformer and Borzoi" OR ABSTRACT:"Enformer and Borzoi" OR TITLE:"DeepMind, Calico" OR ABSTRACT:"DeepMind, Calico") AND (cancer OR tumor OR tumour OR oncology OR carcinoma OR lymphoma OR leukemia OR leukaemia OR myeloma OR sarcoma OR melanoma OR glioma). Results are unfiltered search hits about Enformer and Borzoi (DeepMind, Calico), not a curated reading list.

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