Leuprolide (leuprorelin) and GnRH agonists
Leuprolide is the injectable that shuts off testosterone production, the foundation of hormone therapy for prostate cancer since the 1980s; it is also used for ovarian suppression in premenopausal breast cancer.
Approved 1985 as an alternative to orchiectomy or oestrogens; depot formulations (1-6 months) followed. Backbone of ADT combinations with abiraterone, enzalutamide, apalutamide, darolutamide and docetaxel. Testosterone flare (antiandrogen cover), cardiovascular and bone effects; oral relugolix (2020) and degarelix are antagonist alternatives without flare.
- Medicare
- Part B (clinician-administered)
Given by infusion or injection in a clinic or hospital outpatient department, so it is a Part B drug: Medicare pays 80% after the Part B deductible and the patient owes 20% coinsurance, uncapped in Original Medicare unless a Medigap policy applies. Depot injections given in the clinic (HCPCS J9217 for leuprolide 7.5 mg) are Part B. Self-administered forms are rare in oncology.
- Commercial insurance
- covered on label
Covered under the medical benefit; plans may prefer one depot brand (Lupron Depot, Eligard, Camcevi) over another.
20% Part B coinsurance on a high-cost infusion adds up quickly: Medigap Plan G or N, Medicare Advantage maximum out-of-pocket, Medicaid dual eligibility, or a charity fund are the usual buffers.
Sources: Medicare.gov: Chemotherapy · Medicare.gov: Prescription drugs (outpatient, Part B). Not medical or financial advice; verify with your plan.
- Notes
- Generic and biosimilar GnRH agonists (leuprorelin, goserelin, triptorelin) are the backbone of NHS androgen deprivation; funded routinely without a TA.
- NHS England
- Routinely funded for the appraised indication (or via managed access)
Sources: NICE search: leuprorelin and GnRH agonists. Funding decisions are indication-specific and change monthly; verify with NICE and your treating team.
Approvals
| Region | Year | Indication |
|---|---|---|
| US | 1985 | Palliative treatment of advanced prostate cancer |
| US | 1989 | Depot formulation (Lupron Depot) |
Trials
topRecruiting now (live from ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Latest papers
topQuery for this drug: (TITLE:"Leuprolide leuprorelin and GnRH agonists" OR ABSTRACT:"Leuprolide leuprorelin and GnRH agonists" OR TITLE:"Lupron" OR ABSTRACT:"Lupron" OR TITLE:"Eligard" OR ABSTRACT:"Eligard" OR TITLE:"Camcevi" OR ABSTRACT:"Camcevi") AND (cancer OR tumor OR tumour OR oncology OR carcinoma OR lymphoma OR leukemia OR leukaemia OR myeloma OR sarcoma OR melanoma OR glioma). Results are unfiltered search hits about Leuprolide (leuprorelin) and GnRH agonists, not a curated reading list.
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