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CheckMate 816

CheckMate 816 was the first trial to show that immunotherapy before lung cancer surgery improves survival.

358 patients. pCR 24.0% vs 2.2%; EFS HR 0.63; OS HR 0.72 (5-year OS 65% vs 55%, 2025 update). First neoadjuvant-only IO approval (2022). Perioperative designs (KEYNOTE-671, CheckMate 77T, AEGEAN) followed.

Setting
Resectable stage IB-IIIA NSCLC: neoadjuvant nivolumab + platinum chemotherapy (3 cycles) vs chemotherapy
Phase
Phase 3
Sponsor
BMS
Registry
Headline result
EFS HR 0.63; OS HR 0.72.
Reported
2022
Enrolled
358
Replication
Confirmed by the perioperative trials KEYNOTE-671, AEGEAN, CheckMate 77T, and NEOTORCH, which all reproduced the EFS benefit.

Outcomes

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In plain words
What these results mean for people, not percentages
358 people took part
Pathologic complete responseprimarysurrogate endpoint
  • 24 vs 2.2 out of 100 had no cancer left at surgery with Nivolumab + chemotherapy compared with Chemotherapy; 21.8 more per 100.
  • Roughly one extra person helped for every 5 treated. That is a rough figure taken from the two percentages, not a guarantee for any one person.
  • The p-value (<0.001) says a difference this large would rarely happen by chance; it does not say how large or how useful the difference is.
  • This is a surrogate endpoint: it measures the cancer being controlled or absent on scans and tests, which often, but not always, translates into living longer.
Event-free survivalprimarysurrogate endpoint
  • Median 31.6 vs 20.8 months with Nivolumab + chemotherapy compared with Chemotherapy; about 10.8 months longer for half the group.
  • A median is a midpoint: half the people did better than this and half did worse, so it is not a prediction for any one person.
  • Put another way, the treated group had about 37 percent lower chance of the event at any given time (hazard ratio 0.63, likely range 0.43 to 0.91).
  • This is a surrogate endpoint: it measures the cancer being controlled or absent on scans and tests, which often, but not always, translates into living longer.
Overall survival at 5 yearssurvival endpoint
  • 65 vs 55 out of 100 alive at 5 years with Nivolumab + chemotherapy compared with Chemotherapy; 10 more per 100.
  • Roughly one extra person helped for every 10 treated. That is a rough figure taken from the two percentages, not a guarantee for any one person.
  • Put another way, the treated group had about 28 percent lower chance of the event at any given time (hazard ratio 0.72, likely range 0.52 to 0.99).
  • Overall survival counts deaths from any cause, so it is the most direct measure of whether a treatment helps people live longer.
Be careful
  • These results apply to the people the trial enrolled: Resectable stage IB-IIIA NSCLC: neoadjuvant nivolumab + platinum chemotherapy (3 cycles) vs chemotherapy. People in a different situation may not see the same effect.

Numbers are from the trial as recorded here; see the source links in the table below. This is orientation, not medical advice: ask your team how closely the trial population matches you.

358 participants enrolled.

Pathologic complete responseprimary
· p <0.001
Nivolumab + chemotherapy24 of 100
n = 179
Chemotherapy2.2 of 100
n = 179
Source
Event-free survivalprimary
HR 0.63 (0.43–0.91) · p = 0.005
Nivolumab + chemotherapy
31.6 mo
Chemotherapy
20.8 mo
Source
Overall survival at 5 years
HR 0.72 (0.52–0.99)
Nivolumab + chemotherapy65 of 100
Chemotherapy55 of 100
Source
EndpointArmnValueHR (95% CI)pSource
Pathologic complete responseprimaryNivolumab + chemotherapy17924%<0.001link
Chemotherapy1792.2%
Event-free survivalprimaryNivolumab + chemotherapy31.6 months0.63 (0.43–0.91)0.005link
Chemotherapy20.8 months
Overall survival at 5 yearsNivolumab + chemotherapy65%0.72 (0.52–0.99)link
Chemotherapy55%
Replication
Confirmed by the perioperative trials KEYNOTE-671, AEGEAN, CheckMate 77T, and NEOTORCH, which all reproduced the EFS benefit.

Connected

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