CheckMate 648
Showed two immunotherapy options for squamous oesophageal cancer, including one with no chemotherapy at all, both extending survival.
PD-L1 ≥1%: OS 15.4 vs 9.1 months with nivolumab + chemotherapy (HR 0.54) and 13.7 vs 9.1 months with nivolumab + ipilimumab (HR 0.64) (NEJM 2022). All randomised: HR 0.74 and 0.78. Five-year follow-up (2026) confirms durable benefit. FDA approval May 2022 for both regimens.
- Median 15.4 vs 9.1 months with Nivolumab + chemotherapy compared with Chemotherapy; about 6.3 months longer for half the group.
- A median is a midpoint: half the people did better than this and half did worse, so it is not a prediction for any one person.
- Put another way, the treated group had about 46 percent lower chance of the event at any given time (hazard ratio 0.54).
- Median 13.7 vs 9.1 months with Nivolumab + ipilimumab compared with Chemotherapy; about 4.6 months longer for half the group.
- A median is a midpoint: half the people did better than this and half did worse, so it is not a prediction for any one person.
- Put another way, the treated group had about 36 percent lower chance of the event at any given time (hazard ratio 0.64).
- Overall survival counts deaths from any cause, so it is the most direct measure of whether a treatment helps people live longer.
- These results apply to the people the trial enrolled: First-line advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: nivolumab + chemotherapy, or nivolumab + ipilimumab (chemotherapy-free), vs chemotherapy. People in a different situation may not see the same effect.
Numbers are from the trial as recorded here; see the source links in the table below. This is orientation, not medical advice: ask your team how closely the trial population matches you.
970 participants enrolled.
| Endpoint | Arm | n | Value | HR (95% CI) | p | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall survival, PD-L1 ≥1% (nivolumab + chemotherapy)primary | Nivolumab + chemotherapy | — | 15.4 months | 0.54 | — | link |
| Chemotherapy | — | 9.1 months | ||||
| Overall survival, PD-L1 ≥1% (nivolumab + ipilimumab) | Nivolumab + ipilimumab | — | 13.7 months | 0.64 | — | link |
| Chemotherapy | — | 9.1 months |
Pages like this
not linked directly; found by shared links- TrialCheckMate 9DW
Shares CTLA-4, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, PD-1.
- TrialKEYNOTE-006
Shares CTLA-4, Ipilimumab, PD-1.
- InstitutionDartmouth Cancer Center
Shares CTLA-4, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, PD-1.
- TrialCheckMate 8HW
Shares CTLA-4, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, PD-1.
- TrialDREAMseq (ECOG-ACRIN EA6134)
Shares CTLA-4, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, PD-1.
- TrialCheckMate 141
- TrialCOSMIC-313
Shares Ipilimumab, Nivolumab.
- TrialRATIONALE-306
Shares Oesophageal cancer, PD-1.