Immunotherapy downstaging to transplant with a safe washout
Use immunotherapy to shrink liver cancer enough for a transplant, and find the safe gap between the last dose and surgery so the new liver is not rejected.
Case series report graft rejection when PD-1 antibodies are given within weeks of transplant; others report successful downstaging. Prospective trials (e.g., nivolumab-ipilimumab before living-donor transplant) are defining washout intervals and rejection monitoring.
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